What is hoisting in JavaScript?

In Javascript, Hoisting is a concept in which Javascript brings all the variables declarations to the top of the script during execution.
This means that if a variable is initialized at some part of the script while being accessed before its definition is valid and doesn't throw an error.
But the assignment of variables happen at their original places which means that although variables are available before their actual place of declaration, their value is undefined.

console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
var x = 10;
console.log(`The value of x after is ${x}`);

output:
The value of x before is undefined
The value of x after is 10

variables declared using var keyword in the global execution context are "hoisted", which is why the above code works without issue.
let keyword on the other hand by its design doesn't allow this to happen

console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
let x = 10;
console.log(`The value of x after is ${x}`);

output:
console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
                                        ^
ReferenceError: Cannot access 'x' before initialization

In Javascript, Hoisting is a concept in which Javascript brings all the variables declarations to the top of the script during execution.
This means that if a variable is initialized at some part of the script while being accessed before its definition is valid and doesn’t throw an error.
But the assignment of variables happen at their original places which means that although variables are available before their actual place of declaration, their value is undefined.

console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
var x = 10;
console.log(`The value of x after is ${x}`);

output:
The value of x before is undefined
The value of x after is 10

variables declared using var keyword in the global execution context are "hoisted", which is why the above code works without issue.
let keyword on the other hand by its design doesn’t allow this to happen

console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
let x = 10;
console.log(`The value of x after is ${x}`);

output:
console.log(`The value of x before is ${x}`);
                                        ^
ReferenceError: Cannot access 'x' before initialization