Adapter is used in cases when we need to use two incompatible interfaces. The adapter provides the client what interface it needs while the adapter internally calls the other interface.

• async and await keywords are used for asynchronous operations
• awaiting a process puts in a separate task and returns the reference to that task.
• Once complete the runtime makes sure that the process starts execution back from where the await process occurs
• A method in which an await keyword is used should be marked async

public async Task<string> DoSomething() {
    var res = await httpClient.GetAsync("SOME_GET_API");
    return await res.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}

• Object.Finalize() method releases unmanaged resources but don't assure garbage collection. It is called before the Garbage Collector reclaims the memory. It is also called as a destructor, which is complementary to the constructor, where memory allocation happens.

public class MyClass {
  ~MyClass() {
    // any custom release operations
  }
}

• Dispose() method releases unmanaged resources from the object on which it is called. It is called when the implementing Disposable class is inside a using block.

• CopyTo() method copies the contents of an existing array into another array
• Clone() method creates a new Array and copies all the elements into new Array
• Both the methods perform a shallow copy of the array elements

Using the C# language constructs, you cannot explicitly call the base function from outside the scope of A or B. If you really need to do that, then there is a flaw in your design - i.e. that function shouldn't be virtual to begin with, or part of the base function should be extracted to a separate non-virtual function.

class A
{
  virtual void X() { Console.WriteLine("x"); }
}

class B : A
{
  override void X() { Console.WriteLine("y"); }
}

class Program
{
  static void Main()
  {
    A b = new B();
    // Call A.X somehow, not B.X...
  }
}

• LINQ stands for Language Integrated Queries
• LINQ library offers a set of features to perform data operations irrespective of data sources
• It can be used to bridge between objects and data